Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Paul Guyer and Allan W. Wood (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 414 (A 346/B 404).
Ibid, 193-194 (A 51/B 75).
Cropped still from Voice of America, original location here.
Slavoj Žižek problematizes the idea of the noumenal I in Tarrying with the Negative: Kant, Hegel, and the Critique of Ideology (Durham: Duke University Press, 1998), 9-17.
Arthur Schopenhauer, "The Will in Nature," in Two Essays by Arthur Schopenhauer, trans. unknown (London: George Bell and Sons, 1889), 216.
"For in every emergence of an act of will from the obscure depths of our inner being into the knowing consciousness a direct transition occurs of the thing in itself, which lie outside time, into the phenomenal world. Accordingly the act of will is indeed only the closest and most distinct manifestation of the thing in itself," in Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, Volume II, trans. R. B. Haldane and J. Kemp (Boston: Ticknor and Company, 1887), 407.
Martin Heidegger, Discourse on Thinking, trans. John M. Anderson and E. Hans Freund (New York: Harper & Row, 1969), 59.
Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, 211 (A 78).
Johann Gottfried von Herder, "Materials for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind," in the Internet Modern History Sourcebook →. Herder purportedly coined the term "nationalism."
Louis Althusser, "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes towards an Investigation)," in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, trans. Ben Brewster (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971).
My brief summary of Althusserian ideology absorbs Pierre Bourdieu's account of habitus and doxa. See Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice, trans. Richard Nice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).
Althusser, "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," 175.
Louis Althusser, "Marxism and Humanism," in For Marx, trans. Ben Brewster (London: Verso, 2005), 234.
Martin Heidegger, Nature, History, State, trans. Gregory Fried and Richard Polt (London: Bloomsbury, 2013), 64.
Johann Gottfried von Herder, "Governments as Inherited Regimes," in Another Philosophy of History and Selected Political Writings, trans. Ioannis D. Evrigenis and Daniel Pellerin (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2004), 128.
Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, trans. George Schwab (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 33.
Ibid, 27.
Ibid, 53.
Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003, 125.
Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (London: Verso, 2006), 3.
Carl Schmitt, Land and Sea, trans. Simona Draghici (Washington, DC: Plutarch Press, 1997), 38.
Quoted by Carl Schmitt in The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy, trans. Ellen Kennedy (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985), 76. Schmitt has been described as a "proto-fascist," and while his legal theories are consistent with fascism, it would seem that all national revolutions are inherently proto-fascist.
Ibid. US diplomat Richard Holbrooke famously called Serb nationalist sentiment "historical bullshit."
For an extended reading of Heidegger's use of the "will," see Bret W. Davis, Heidegger and the Will: On the Way to Gelassenheit (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2007).
Elie Kedourie, Nationalism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), 76.
For Heidegger, the nation exists within the state. See Heidegger, Nature, History, State, 43.
Schmitt, The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy, 68.
Immanuel Kant, "Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose," in Kant: Political Writings, ed. H. S. Reiss (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), see Fourth Proposition.
See Georges Sorel, Reflections on Violence, ed. Jeremy Jennings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 20-28.
The ultranationalist can be seen as a variation of the "partisan." See Carl Schmitt, Theory of the Partisan: Intermediate Commentary on the Concept of the Political, trans. G. L. Ulmen (New York: Telos Press Publishing, 2007).