John Bellamy Foster, Marx's Ecology: Materialism and Nature (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2000).
See John Bellamy Foster, “Marx's Theory of Metabolic Rift: Classical Foundations for Environmental Sociology,” American Journal of Sociology 105, no. 2 (September 1999): 366-405; Justus von Liebig, The Natural Laws of Husbandry (New York: D. Appleton, 1863); and Justus von Liebig, Letters on Modern Agriculture (London: Walton & Maberly, 1859).
Brett Clark and John Bellamy Foster, “Ecological Imperialism and the Global Metabolic Rift: Unequal Exchange and the Guano/Nitrates Trade,” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 50 (2009): 311–334.
Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. III (New York: Vintage, 1981), 949–950.
James O’Connor, Natural Causes: Essays in Ecological Marxism (New York: Guilford Press, 1998), 158–177.
Ibid., 245.
Jason W. Moore, “Transcending the metabolic rift: a theory of crises in the capitalist world ecology,” Journal of Peasant Studies 38, no. 1 (2011): 12–13.
Extraction is properly understood as a type of underdevelopment. The process extracts natural wealth and sends it to an accumulating center. As a result, the extractive periphery successively losses economic wealth and ecological capacity. See Stephen G. Bunker, Underdeveloping the Amazon: Extraction, Unequal Exchange, and the Failure of the Modern State (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1985).
The opening pages of several books with claims about sustainability share this rhetoric, including: Brenda and Robert Vale, Towards a Green Architecture (London: RIBA Publications, 1991); Richard L. Crowther, Ecologic Architecture (Boston: Butterworth Architecture, 1992); Rocky Mountain Institute, A Primer on Sustainable Building (Aspen: Rocky Mountain Institute, 1995); Laura C. Zeiher, The Ecology of Architecture: A Complete Guide to Creating the Environmentally Conscious Building (New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1996); Klaus Daniels, The Technology of Ecological Building: Basic Principles and Measures, Examples and Ideas, trans. Elizabeth Schwaiger (Boston: Birkhauser Verlag, 1997); Sandra Mendler and William Odell, The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design (New York: Wiley & Sons, 2000).
There is a non-trivial arc of consideration of exudation through the notion of accumulation and squandering in the thought of Marx, Friedrich Engels, Thorstein Veblen, Marcel Mauss, Georges Bataille and Howard T. Odum. Each of these thinkers understands the inevitability of squander in alternate ways. Although of disparate fields, when juxtaposed, these alternate understandings of accumulation and squandering become necessary tools of thought on this topic.
Georges Bataille, The Accursed Share (New York: Zone Books, 1988), 23.
Ibid., 21.
Mark T. Brown and Sergio Ulgiati, “Updated evaluation of exergy and emergy driving the geobiosphere: A review and refinement of the emergy baseline,” Ecological Modelling 221, no. 20 (2010): 2503.
Bataille, The Accursed Share, 25.
Bataille, The Accursed Share, 23–24.
Ibid., 21.
Howard T. Odum, Environmental Accounting: Emergy and Environmental Decision Making (New York: Wiley, 1996), 16.
Ibid., 289.
Ravi S. Srinivasan et al., “Re(De)fining Net Zero Energy: Renewable Emergy Balance in environmental building design,” Building and Environment 47 (2012): 301.