Claudia Rankine, Citizen (Minneapolis, Minnesota: Graywolf Press, 2014), 51.
Krissah Thompson, “Harvard Scholar Henry Louis Gates Arrested,” The Washington Post, July 21, 2009, ➝.
Michael Harriot, “Philadelphia Police Department Changes Trespassing Policy After Starbucks Incident,” The Root, June 8, 2018, ➝.
Rankine, Citizen, 105.
Rankine, Citizen, 24.
Ibid.
Declaration of Independence (US, 1776).
Ibid.
John Locke, “Chapter 5: Of Property,” Two Treatises of Governement, ed. Peter Laslett (New York: Mentor Books, New American Library, 1965), ➝.
Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1856).
“Data Analysis: African Americans on Eve of the Civil War,” ➝.
U.S. Constitution, amend. XIV., §1.
Ta-nehesi Coates, “The Case for Reparations,” The Atlantic Monthly, June 2014, ➝.
Cheryl A. Harris, “Whiteness as Property,” Harvard Law Review, Vol. 106, Number 8, June 1993, 1716.
Ibid.
Dianne Harris, Little White Houses: How the Postwar Home Constructed Race in America (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013), 14–15.
Emmanuel Martinez and Aaron Glantz, “How Reveal identified lending disparities in federal mortgage data,” Reveal, February 2, 2018, ➝.
Emmanuel Martinez and Aaron Glantz, “Kept Out: For people of color, banks are shutting the door on home ownership,” Reveal, ➝.
Pew Charitable Trusts, “Philadelphia’s Poor: Who they are, where they live, and how that has changed,” November 2017, ➝.
Rankine, “February 26, 2012/In Memory of Trayvon Martin,” Citizen, 89–90.
Dimensions of Citizenship is a collaboration between the United States Pavilion at the 2018 Venice Architecture Biennale and e-flux Architecture.