Intensification - Tim Lenton - Gaia Devices for a High-Energy Solar-Powered City

Gaia Devices for a High-Energy Solar-Powered City

Tim Lenton

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Energy and material flows in the biosphere, the human sphere (anthroposphere), and a prospective future sustainable anthroposphere. All diagrams courtesy of the author.
Intensification
September 2025










Notes
1

James Lovelock, Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979).

2

“London’s Ecological Footprint: A Review,” Greater London Authority Economics, 2003.

3

“World Population Prospects 2024,” United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2024.

4

Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, (New York: Random House, 1961).

5

Chunbo Zhang et al., “Life cycle assessment of material footprint in recycling: A case of concrete recycling,” Waste Management 155, no. 1 (2023): 311–19.

6

Abdulmalek K. Badraddin et al., “Main Challenges to Concrete Recycling in Practice," Sustainability 13, no. 19 (2021): 11077.







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