Notes
1
In 1989, Russel L. Ackoff formulated structural and functional relationships between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, contributing to what is now widely known as the DIKW pyramid. According to Ackoff, data, information, and knowledge all “enable us to increase efficiency,” while “wisdom is the ability to increase effectiveness.” Russell Ackoff, “From Data to Wisdom,” Journal of Applied Systems Analysis 16 (1989): 3–9. ➝. The DIKW Knowledge-hierarchy system served as the base to structure the central exhibition, commissions, catalogue, and public programs at BIO 26| Common Knowledge, ➝.
2
Franco “Bifo” Berardi, “The Inevitable and the Unpredictable,” e-flux conversations (September 30, 2017), ➝.
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