George Delisle, “Mud Volcanoes of Pakistan: An Overview,” in Mud Volcanoes, Geodynamics and Seismicity, ed. Giovanni Martinelli and Behrouz Panahi (Springer, 2005): 159–69.
Due to this, it proved to be an important base for the British colonialists who were stationed in Gwadar, as well as the Indo-European telegraph line in 1867-1870.
Voice of Gwadar, “Gwadar Is the Jewel in Crown of CPEC: The Key Pillar of BRI,” Voice of Gwadar, September 12, 2019, ➝.
For a full list of projects, see “CPEC Vision & Mission,” China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, ➝.
This is not the place to discuss these contracts at length, but for more information, see The China Africa Project, ➝.
The independence movement gains popular support through the discriminatory practices of the Pakistani government and the conduct of the army, for example, the revenue from the province’s natural gas and mineral resources have not benefited the local population, and the Pakistani army has been accused of disappearing thousands of Baloch Nazish, “Balochistan’s Missing Persons.”
CPEC’s avoidance of certain areas due to “security concerns” match almost perfectly areas that have long been neglected by the Pakistani state. The rerouting of CPEC through Pakistan’s most prosperous and populous province of Punjab, which also happens to be the current stronghold of the ruling party, seems to be no coincidence.
Filippo Boni, “Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan: A Case Study of Sino-Pakistani Relations and the Port of Gwadar,” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 54, no.4 (2016): 498–517; Rorry Daniels, “Strategic Competition in South Asia: Gwadar, Chabahar, and the Risks of Infrastructure Development,” American Foreign Policy Interests 35, no. 2 (2013): 93–100; Hasan Malik, “Strategic Importance of Gwadar Port,” Journal of Political Studies 19, no. 2 (2012): 57–69.
Behram Baloch, “Storm Wreaks Havoc in Gwadar,” Dawn, June 18, 2014, ➝.
Some new jetties and breakwaters have now been built, but their location and direction have been questioned by the fisherfolk who claim not to have been properly consulted. Mariyam Suleman, “Will China’s Plans for Gwadar Destroy Fishermen’s Livelihood?,” The Diplomat, April 3, 2019, ➝.
See Ayesha Siddiqa, Military Inc.: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy, 2nd edition (Pluto Press, 2016).
Amir Wasim, “50 Commercial Entities Being Run by Armed Forces,” Dawn, July 21, 2016, ➝.
Behram Baloch and Muhammad Akbar Notezai, “Situationer: Meet Gwadar’s First Female Vlogger,” Dawn, September 21, 2018, ➝.
Mahigeer Itehad Gwadar, February 2015.