➝.
It has been estimated at $9 per hour. See “NYC Street Tree Map,” ➝.
David Gissen, Manhattan Atmospheres: Architecture, the Interior Environment, and Urban Crisis (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014), 29.
Gregory A. Barton, Empire Forestry and the Origins of Environmentalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 163.
Arun Agrawal, Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects (Duke University Press, 2005), 1–2.
Hazel Healey, “Facing the Forest Entrepreneurs,” New Internationalist Magazine (May 2013), ➝.
As publicly stated on their website: “NYC Street Tree Map,” ➝.
This figure corresponds to August 9, 2017, as it appears on the website of the NYC DPR. As of April 15, 2017, the same platform published that they had mapped 682,515 trees. Between April and August, the city seems to have lost 1,462 trees from their mapping platform.
According to the NYC Street Tree Map website, it is the only tool approved by the California Climate Action Registry's Urban Forest Project Reporting Protocol for quantifying CO2 sequestration from tree planting projects, see ➝.
Ibid., Gissen, 67.
The term “other-than-humans” softens the binary humans-nonhumans and avoids reducing otherness to the direct opposite of human. See Sian Sullivan, “(Re)countenancing an Animate Nature,” in Bram Büscher, Wolfram Dressler and Robert Fletcher, Nature™ Inc.: Environmental Conservation in the Neoliberal Age (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2014), 230.
Ingmar Lippert, “Corporate Carbon Footprinting as Techno-Political Practice,” in The Carbon Fix: Forest Carbon, Social Justice, and Environmental Governance, ed. Stephanie Paladino and Shirley J. Fiske (New York and London: Routledge, 2017), 120.
María Gutiérrez, “Forest Carbon Sinks Prior to REDD: A Brief History of Their Role in the Clean Development Mechanism,” in Ibid., 62.
David Takacs, The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 5.
Ibid, 27, 107.
“History of Carbon Offsetting and Carbon Trading,” EBSCOHost, ➝.
Chris Lang, “How a Forestry Offset Project in Guatemala Allowed Emissions in the US to Increase,” REDD Monitor (October 9, 2009), ➝.
Ezra Rosser, “Offsetting and the Consumption of Social Responsibility,” Washington University Law Review 89 (2011): 28–29.
Pierre Bourdieu, “The Forms of Capital,” in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, ed. John G. Richardson (New York: Greenwood, 1986), 241–242.
Ernst Friedrich Schumacher, Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics As If People Mattered (London: Vintage Books, 1993).
Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, and Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution (Boston, London and New York: Little, Brown & Co, 1999), xvii–xviii.
Philip E. Steinberg, The Social Construction of the Ocean (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 176.
The emergence of sustainable resource extraction practices happened in the mid 1990s with “sustainable certifications” such as Forest Stewardship Council (1993) and Marine Stewardship Council (1996) that regulate exploitation of natural resources in a more responsible way. Yet the tools and mechanisms by which it is done have been heavily criticized as their regulators tend to be permissive in order to ensure they will be called back to certify projects and sites by companies they certify.
Ibid., Steinberg, 178; George Leddy, “Televisuals and Environmentalism: The Dark Side of Marine Resource Protection As Global Thinking.” Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers (1996).
Bram Büscher and Robert Fletcher, “Accumulation by Conservation,” in New Political Economy (2014): 1–26.
The Offsetted by Daniel Fernández Pascual and Alon Schwabe was premiered as a lecture performance in New York on Saturday 11 November 2017 as part of Making Room for Action, Performa 17’s day-long symposium on architecture and performance co-organized by Charles Aubin and Carlos Mínguez Carrasco.
Positions is an initiative of e-flux Architecture.