Superhumanity - Andrés Jaque - Surrogacity: Just like James Franco

Surrogacity: Just like James Franco

Andrés Jaque

Arc_Jacque_1

Interior of New Hope Fertility Center, with views onto the Time Warner Center logo. 4 Columbus Circle, New York.

Superhumanity
December 2016










Notes
1

According to Ideal Legal Group Inc., a law firm specializing in surrogacy gestation with offices in New York, San Francisco, and Alhambra.

2

According to Extraordinary Conceptions.

3

Infertility rates have quadrupled in the last two decades as a result of the increase in industrial activity. With forty million Chinese considered infertile—12.5% of its childbearing-age population—the growth of the republic’s population has decelerated from 1.97% yearly in 1988 to 0.46% in 2016, according to Chinese Population Association. See .

4

Alexandra Harney, “Chinese Look Overseas For Surrogates,” New York Times (23 Sept. 2013).

5

Kevin Smith, “As China’s One-Child Policy Ends, Surrogacy Services Rise In The U.S,” San Gabriel Valley Tribune (Monrovia, CA), April 30, 2016.

6

This is made possible by the collaboration of fertility clinics with surrogacy agencies.

7

Source: Personal e-mail consulation with China Today.

8

Dual citizenship is not officially allowed in China, though there are many ways to actually maintain two nationalities.

9

Daily Mail Reporter, “Pictured: The Tattooed, Bisexual Rocker Who Is Pregnant With Sarah Jessica Parker’s Twins,” Daily Mail (7 May 2009).

10

Sophia Yan, “Chinese Are Hiring Surrogate Moms In America,” Cable News Network (2015).

11

Ibid., Harney.

12

Paperwork is drastically reduced by allowing genetic parents to be inscribed as legal progenitors on birth certificates, rendering invisible the fact that the gestation was ever the result of a surrogate.

13

“International Fertility,” New Hope Fertility Clinic 7. See .

14

Dafydd Evans, “The Foundation of Hong Kong: A Chapter of Accidents,” in Hong Kong: The Interaction of Traditions and Life in the Towns, ed. Marjorie Topley (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1975), 11– 41.

15

Christopher Munn, “The Hong Kong Opium Revenue, 1845-1885,” in Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839-1952, eds. Timothy Brook and Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), 105–126.

16

This was achieved with a ten-foot adjacency.

17

In the 421-a Tax Program, the Tax Imposition of top-prized apartments was reduced to 1/100 of the average New York property-tax payment. See Evan Bindelglass, “Everything You Need to Know About NYC's 421-a Tax Program, Poised to Expire Today,” Curbed (Jan. 2016); Criston Capps, “Why Billionaires Don't Pay Property Taxes in New York,” Citylab (May 2015); “A Summary: The Hidden Money Buying Condos at the Time Warner Center,” New York Times (7 Feb. 2015).

Superhumanity, a project by e-flux Architecture at the 3rd Istanbul Design Biennial, is produced in cooperation with the Istanbul Design Biennial, the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Korea, the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery, New Zealand, and the Ernst Schering Foundation.