For more on the relationship between the TMC and the development of the hospital as a type, see Richard Ingersoll, “Sick City: Growing Pains at the Texas Medical Center,” Cite 22 (1989): 6.
For an extensive history of the development and expansion of the TMC, see Andrew Simpson, The Medical Metropolis: Health Care and Economic Transformation in Pittsburgh and Houston (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019).
Jeanne Kisacky, Rise of the Modern Hospital: An Architectural History of Health and Healing, 1870–1940 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2017), 341.
“About TMC,” Texas Medical Center, ➝.
Texas Medical Center, Architectural Standards, E-1, September 14, 2020, ➝.
Ingersoll, “Sick City,” 5.
For more on the contested role of charity care in nonprofit hospitals, see "Chapter 6: A Charitable Mission or a Profitable Charity?" in Andrew Simpson, The Medical Metropolis: Health Care and Economic Transformation in Pittsburgh and Houston (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019) 149–178.
Jonathan Levy, “Texas Medical Center Master Plan (1999),” Harvard University Center for History and Economics, 2019, ➝.
Texas Medical Center, Architectural Standards, H-1.
Shanley Pierce, “Powering the TMC,” Texas Medical Center, June 6, 2017, ➝.
As Daniel A. Barber writes: “The planetary interior emerged as a conditioned space of social inhabitation—a space of control for commerce and the processing of the global economy … consistent across the unevenness of climate and of capitalist development.” Daniel A. Barber, Modern Architecture and Climate: Design Before Air Conditioning (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017), 10.
Morgan Kinney, “A Closer Look at the Double Helix-Shaped Park Set to Join the TMC3 Campus,” Houstonia, May 30, 2018, ➝.