Treatment - Yvan Prkachin - Blood Cars: Polio, Cyborg Lungs, and the New Medical Device Industry

Blood Cars: Polio, Cyborg Lungs, and the New Medical Device Industry

Yvan Prkachin

Arc_T_YP_01

An early prototype of Astrup's blood gas analyzer, with a Radiometer pH meter connected to Astrup's pH electrode. Source of all images: Hasse Lundgaard Andersen, Livsværk: Radiometer 1935-2004 (Historika/Gads Forlag, 2020).

Treatment
January 2025










Notes
1

Robert Boyle, The Sceptical Chymist or Chymico-Physical Doubts and Paradoxes. (Oxford: Henry Hall, 1680); Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, Oeuvres de Lavoisier (Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1862); Heinrich Gustav Magnus, “Über das Absorptionsvermögen des Blutes für Sauerstoff,” Annalen der Physik und Chemie 66, no. 10 (1845), 177; Carl Ludwig “Zusammenstellung der Untersuchungen über Blutgase,” Zeitschrift kaiserlich königlich Gesellschaft der Ärzte in Wien 1 (1865), 145; Christian Braunschweig Bohr, “Blutgase und respiratorische Gaswechsel,”in Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, ed. Wilibald A. Nagel (1905), 54; August Krogh, “On the mechanism of the gas-exchange in the lungs,” Skandinavisches Archiv für Physiologie 23, no. 1(1910): 248–278; Donald D. Van Slyke and James M. O’Neill. “The determination of gases in blood and other solutions by vacuum extraction and manometric measurement,” Journal of Biological Chemistry 61, no. 2 (September 1924): 523.

2

Louise Reisner-Sénélar, “The Birth of Intensive Care Medicine: Björn Ibsen’s Records,” Intensive Care Medicine 37, no. 7 (July 2011): 1084–86; James Le Fanu, The Rise And Fall Of Modern Medicine (Little, Brown Book Group, 2011), 72–81; Henry Cai Alexander Lassen, Management of Life-Threatening Poliomyelitis, Copenhagen, 1952–1956, with a Survey of Autopsy-Findings in 115 Cases (Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1956).

3

Lassen, Management of Life-Threatening Poliomyelitis, 111–20; P. Astrup and S. Schrøder, “Apparatus for Anaerobic Determination of the pH of Blood at 38 Degrees Centigrade,” Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1956): 30–32; P. Astrup, “A Simple Electrometric Technique for the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Tension in Blood and Plasma, Total Content of Carbon Dioxide in Plasma, and Bicarbonate Content in ‘Separated’ Plasma at a Fixed Carbon Dioxide Tension (40 Mm Hg),” Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1956), 33–43.

4

Hasse Lundgaard Andersen, Livsværk: Radiometer, 1935-2004 (Historika/Gads Forlag, 2020), 12–55.

5

Andersen, Livsværk, 12–101.

6

Thomas L. Petty, “In the Cards Was ARDS (How We Discovered the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome),” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 163, no. 3 (March 2001): 62.

7

Yvan Prkachin, “The Reign of the Ventilator: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, COVID-19, and Technological Imperatives in Intensive Care,” Annals of Internal Medicine 174, no.8 (Aug 2021): 1145–50.

8

Prkachin, “The Reign of the Ventilator.”