Tangtou was set up by the state during Mao’s Great Leap Forward (1958–62).
The East River Waterworks project continues to provide Hong Kong’s potable water.
Frank Dikötter. Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958-62. (London, New York, Berlin and Sydney: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010).
Mary Ann O’Donnell, “Becoming Hong Kong, Razing Baoan, Preserving Xin’an: An Ethnographic Account of Urbanization in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone,” Cultural Studies 3–4, 15 (2001): 419–443.
George C. S. Lin and Samuel P. S. Ho, “The State, Land System, and Land Development Processes in Contemporary China,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95, 2 (June, 2005): 411–436.
Building codes have evolved with Shenzhen’s urban boom, so the cheng zhong cun are not the only neighborhoods where building stock can be retrospectively considered substandard.
Mary Ann O’Donnell, “Path Breaking: Constructing Gendered Nationalism in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.” Positions 7, 2 (1999): 343–375.
Jonathan Bach, “‘They come in Peasants and Leave Citizens’: Urban Villages and the Making of Shenzhen, China.” Cultural Anthropology 25, 3 (2010): 421-458.
This compensation package has to provide for the income generated through the land-use-rights and for the building based on an area rate.
Mary Ann O’Donnell, “Laying Siege to the Villages: Lessons from Shenzhen,” Open Democracy (March 28, 2013), ➝.
Helen F. Siu, “Socialist Peddlers and Princes in a Chinese Market Town,” American Ethnologist 16, 2 (1989): 195–212.
An earlier version of this essay was first published as “Urban Village: Enclave Urbanism” by Joshua Bolchover and Mary Ann O’Donnell in Joshua Bolchover and John Lin, Rural Urban Framework: Transforming the Chinese Countryside (Birkhauser, 2014). The research into Tantou and Bashizhou was initiated as a joint project with Mary Ann O’Donnell in November 2012.
Urban Village is collaboration between e-flux Architecture and the 7th Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture (UABB) within the context of its theme, "Cities, Grow in Difference."