Researcher and roboticist Kate Darling quoted in “What Is a Robot?” Wired, August 24, 2017, ➝.
See the definition of service robots provided by the International Federation of Robotics for more information, ➝.
For more on the signaling value of robots and other high-tech devices see studies including: Pedro Pita Barros, Carlos Gouveia Pinto, and Ana Machado’s “A signalling theory of excessive technological adoption” in Health Care Management Science 2 (1999): 117–123; and Matthew I. Beane’s “In Storage, Yet on Display: An Empirical Investigation of Robots’ Value as Social Signals” in 2020 15th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (2020): 83–91.
Karel Čapek, R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) A Fantastic Melodrama in Three Acts and an Epilogue (1920), ➝
Burnt Cork: Traditions and Legacies of Blackface Minstrelsy, Stephen B. Johnson ed. (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012).
P. T. Barnum, The Life of P. T. Barnum, Written by Himself (New York: Redfield, 1854), 157.
Louis Chude-Sokei, “The Uncanny History of Minstrels and Machines, 1835–1923,” in Johnson, 117.
Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 25.
Aaron Benanav, “Automation and the Future of Work—1,” New Left Review 119 (Sept/Oct 2019): 11–12.
Bradley Berman, “On Berkeley’s Sidewalks, Bots With Burritos,” New York Times, November 8, 2019, Section B, Page 6.
Ed Pilkington, “Life as a drone operator: ‘Ever step on ants and never give it another thought?’,” The Guardian, November 19, 2015, ➝.
Christopher Mims, “The Next Hot Job: Pretending to Be a Robot,” Wall Street Journal, August 31, 2019.
Josh Dzieza, “How hard will the robots make us work?,” The Verge, February 27, 2020, ➝.
Rebecca Greenfield, “Your Raise Is Now Based on Next Year’s Performance,” Bloomberg, July 9, 2018, ➝.
Dzieza, ➝.
Studs Terkel, Working; People Talk about What They Do All Day and How They Feel about What They Do (New York: Pantheon Books, 1974).
Simone Weil, “Prerequisite to Dignity of Labor.” In: Simone Weil, An Anthology, Sian Miles ed. (London: Virago, 1986).
Simone Weil, “Factory Journal.” In Formative Writings 1929-1941, Dorothy McFarland and Wilhelmina Van Ness eds. (Amhurst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1987).