The gallows, or cell No. 13, were located away from the prison itself, in what is now a public park adjacent to Sunshine 60. A total of sixty criminals were executed (fifty-three Class B and C criminals and seven Class A criminals). All were hung at cell No. 13, except for one who was shot at a United States Army base outside Tokyo. For the list of fifty-three executed criminals, see John L. Ginn, Sugamo Prison, Tokyo: An Account of the Trial and Sentencing of Japanese War Criminals in 1948, by a U.S. Participant (McFarland & Company, 1992), 192–93.
Bill Barrette, “Art and Exchange at Sugamo Prison, 1945–52: Visual Communication in American-occupied Japan,” PRI Occasional Paper, no. 33 (October 2004) →.
See →.
See Mark Driscoll, Absolute Erotic: The Living, Dead, and Undead in Japan’s Imperialism (Duke University Press, 2010).
Shinichi Yamamuro, Kimera—Manshukokuno Shozo (Manchuria under Japanese Dominion) (Chuokoron Shinsha, 2004), Appendix, Q13.
Yamamuro, Kimera—Manshukokuno Shozo.
See →.
Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA (Anchor Books, 2007), 116.
See →.
See →.
See →.
Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, 121.
Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, 120.
See →.
For a 1955 US Newsreel on the Atoms for Peace exhibition, see →.
Tessa Morris-Suzuki, “The CIA and the Japanese Media: A Cautionary Tale,” John Menadue – Pearls and Irritations (blog), September 17, 2014 →.
Richard Krooth, Morris Edelson, and Hiroshi Fukurai, Nuclear Tsunami: The Japanese Government and America’s Role in the Fukushima Disaster (Lexington Books, 2015), 18.
“Japan’s No.1 Traitor: The Black Heart of Takeo Fukuda, Part II,” Executive Intelligence Review 3, no. 48 (November 29, 1976), 47.
Asia Center Odawara, “40 Shunen Kinen: Sengo-no Nihon-to MRA-no Kiseki” (The Fortieth Anniversary: The Trajectory of the MRA and Postwar Japan) (Foundation MRA House, 2003), 26. Translated by the author.
John W. Dower and Hirata Tetsuo, “Japan’s Red Purge: Lessons from a Saga of Suppression of Free Speech and Thought,” The Asia-Pacific Journal 5, no. 7 (July 3, 2007), 4.
“Japan’s No.1 Traitor,” 50–51.
“Corporate Profile: Sunshine City,” 2 →.
“Corporate Profile: Sunshine City,” 18.
Takashi Tsujii, Jojo-to Toso: Tsujii Takashi + Tsutsumi Seiji Kaikoroku (Lyrics and Struggles: Memoir by Takashi Tsujii + Seiji Tsutsumi) (Chuko-bunko, 2012, ss. Ikebukuro Sunshine City). Translated by the author.
“Futatunaki inochini-kaete oshikeru-wa /chitoseni kuchinu Nanite kosoare.” Translated by the author.
“Nanikaete kono-miikusano tadashisa-wo / raise-mademo katari-nokosan.” Translated by author.
With assistance from Marika Constantino, this text was written on the occasion of the exhibition “The Imperial Ghost in the Neoliberal Machine (Figuring the CIA),” on view at e-flux in New York through June 8, 2019. The author pays tribute to artist Akira Takayama whose practice references Sunshine 60.