Adam Zeidan, “Woman, Life, Freedom,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, online ed., 2024 →.
Adam Zeidan, “Morality police,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, online ed., 2024 →.
Editors, “Death of Jina Mahsa Amini,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, online ed., 2024 →.
Ardeshir Tayebi, “Tehran Cemeteries Cover Graves that Have Pictures of Women Without Hijabs,” Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, July 26, 2022 →.
Aichi (Aychi) cemetery, where Jina (Mahsa) Amini is buried, is in Saqqez, Kurdistan.
Ed. note: for an account of these protests, see the essay by Elaheh in this issue, “Cleansing Personal Archives and the Birth of the Black Hole of Collective Memory.”
Rosie Swash, “Arrests and TV Confessions as Iran Cracks Down on Women’s ‘Improper’ Clothing,” The Guardian, August 23, 2022 →.
Ardeshir Tayebi, “Iranian Morality Police Unit Disciplined After Video of Sick Girl’s Arrest for Hijab Violation Goes Viral,” Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, July 20, 2022 →.
“Marivan: The Death of Shalir Rasouli, a Woman Who Had Thrown Herself Out of a Widow for Fear of Rape,” Hana Human Rights Organization, September 8, 2022 →.
See → (in Farsi).
Amnesty International UK, “Iran: Authorities in Huge Crackdown on Women for Not Wearing Headscarves,” press release, July 26, 2023 →.
Ed. note: for a brief explanation of the song, see this PBS article →.
Trans. note: The connotation of the spaces listed here is somewhat lost in translation because they don’t have exact equivalents in Western architecture. These are all traditional, “inner” spaces assigned to women by men.
Translated from the Farsi by Golnar Narimani. Translation edited by Soori Parsa.