See the testimony of Paloma Soria Montañez in Susana Sá Couto, Alysson Ford Ouoba, and Claudia Martin, Documenting Good Practice on Accountability for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: The Sepur Zarco Case (UN Women, 2022), 74 →.
See statements by anthropologist Laura Hurtado in the documentary on Sepur Zarco Mi Corazón está Conento →.
Couto, Ouoba, and Martin, Documenting Good Practice, 98.
Malcom Ferdinand, Decolonial Ecology: Thinking from the Caribbean World (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021), 8, 11, emphasis in original.
Giovanni Batz, La Cuarta Invasión: Historias y Resistencia del Pueblo Ixil, y su Lucha Contra la Hidroeléctrica Palo Viejo en Cotzal (Avancso, 2022), 49. Unless otherwise specified, all translations are by the author. In the early twentieth century the United Fruit Company begin to establish itself in the country, acquiring 40 percent of Guatemala’s arable land; see → (in Spanish).
Report by the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona → (in Spanish).
Ferdinand, Decolonial Ecology, 21, emphasis in original.
See Irma Alicia Velásquez Nimatuj, La Justicia Nunca Estuvo de Nuestro “Lado”: Peritaje Cultural Sobre Conflicto Armado y Violencia Sexual en el caso Sepur Zarco, Guatemala (Universidad del Pais Vasco 2019); recordings available here →.
Ashwin Budden, “The Role of Shame in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Proposal for a Socio-emotional Model for DSM-V,” Social Science & Medicine Journal, no. 69 (2009).
Donald Nathanson, “Understanding What Is Hidden: Shame in Sexual Abuse,” Psychiatric Clinics of North America 12, no. 2 (June 1989).
Couto, Ouoba, and Martin, Documenting Good Practice.
Daniel Grecco Pacheco, “Ontologías Envueltas: Conceptos y Prácticas Sobre los Envoltorios de Tejido Entre los Mayas,” Antípoda: Revista De Antropología Y Arqueología, no. 37, (2019).
ECAP “is an organisation dedicated to helping individuals and communities recover from the psychological, social and cultural damage caused by political violence in Guatemala.” Couto, Ouoba, and Martin, Documenting Good Practice.
Pacheco, “Ontologías Envueltas,” 129.
María Iñigo Clavo, “Traces, Signs, and Symptoms of the Untranslatable,” e-flux journal, no. 108 (April 2020) →. See also Pacheco, “Ontologías Envueltas,” 129.
Aura Cumes, “Peritaje Cultural y Género: Saberes Colectivos de Mujeres Mayas Frente a la Lógica Mercantilista del Tejido Maya,” 2016, unpublished text.
Irma Otzoy, “Identidad y Trajes Mayas,” Revista Mesoamérica, no. 23 (June 1992).
Rita Segato, La guerra contra las mujeres: Traficantes de Sueños (Madrid, 2016), 185–86.
See Irma A. Velásquez Nimatuj’s 2020 public talk “Justice Beyond the Final Verdict: The Sepur Zarco Case” →.
Rosalinda Hernández Alarcón et al., Memorias Rebeldes Contra el Olvido (Cuerda, 2008).
Arturo Arias, “Letter from Guatemala: Indigenous Women on Civil War,” PMLA 124, no. 5 (October 2009): 1895.
Couto, Ouoba, and Martin, Documenting Good Practice, 85.
Maristella Svampa, “Feminismos del Sur y Ecofeminismo,” Nueva Sociedad, no. 256 (March–April 2015).
See Sandra Monterroso’s blog → (in Spanish).
Cumes, “Peritaje Cultural y Género,” 2016.
Irma Alicia Velásquez, “Traje, Folclorización y Racismo en la Guatemala Posconflcito,” in Racismo en Guatemala: De lo Políticamente Correcto a la Lucha Antirracista—Guatemala, ed. Meicke Heckt and Gustavo Palma (Instituto AVANCSO, 2004).
Cristina Lleras et al., “Curatorship for Meaning Making: Contributions Towards Symbolic Reparation at the Museum of Memory of Colombia,” Museum Management and Curatorship 34, no. 6 (November 2019).
See Sandra Xinico’s interventions in De lo Propio a lo Común, a publication that brings together reflections from the conference “Hacia un Replanteamiento de los Derechos de Autor: Colectividades, Redes de Colaboración y Acceso Abierto,” El Centro Cultural de España en Guatemala, 2019.
Cumes, “Peritaje Cultural y Género,” 2016. See also Ana María Alonso, “Políticas de Espacio, Tiempo y Sustancia: Formación del Estado, Nacionalismo y Etnicidad,” in Las Ideas Detrás de la Etnicidad: Una Selección de Textos para el Debate (Centro de Investigaciones Regionales de Mesomérica, 2006).
See De lo Propio a lo Común.
I am very grateful for my collaboration with Maria Thereza Alves, which has allowed me to talk with Jerá Guarani and to learn more about her project.
Aves Isabela, “Aldeia Liderada por Jera Guarani Completa 10 Anos e se Torna Exemplo de Sustentabilidade,” Mural, January 31, 2024 →.
Ferdinand, Decolonial Ecology, 44–45, 31.
Ferdinand, Decolonial Ecology, 331.
Ferdinand, Decolonial Ecology, 40, emphasis in original.
Marisol De la Cadena, “Política Indígena: Un Análisis Más Allá de ‘la Política,’” Red de Antropologías del Mundo, no. 4 (2009): 139–42.
Nuto Chavajay Ixtetelá and María Iñigo Clavo, “Por Miedo a que las Piedras Hablen,” Revista Concreta, no. 16 (Fall 2020), 111. Translated as “‘For a New Gentleness,” CPSA Quarterly, no. 33 (October 2020).
Unpublished text by the artist.
Maria Jacinta Xón, Entre la Exotización y el Mayámetro (Catafixia, 2023), 22.
Xón, Entre la Exotización, 45.
Santiago Bastos and Aura Cumes, Mayanización y vida Cotidiana: La Ideología Multicultural en la Sociedad Guatemalteca (FLACSO sede Guatemala, 2007).
Xón, Entre la Exotización, 43.
Marta Pascual Rodríguez and Herrero López Yayo, “Ecofeminismo: Una Propuesta para Repensar el Presente y Construir el Futuro,” CIP-Ecosocial: Boletín Ecos, no. 10 (2010).
Svampa, “Feminismos del Sur y Ecofeminismo,” 139–42.
Xón, Entre la Exotización, 43.
This research was originally conducted for the workshop “Gendered Approaches to Restitution: Labor, Migration, Structural Amnesia, and Trauma,” organized by Ariella Azoulay, Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali Zamindar, and Yannis Hamilakis at the Watson Institute, Brown University, USA. I would like to thank Maria Jacinta Xón for her cogent and caring review of this text, which has been nourished by her valuable teachings. I dedicate this text to Ignacio Cardenal, with gratitude for all the hours.