Vera Zasulich to Karl Marx, February 16, 1881; Karl Marx to Vera Zasulich, March 8, 1881. First published in Arkhiv K. Marksa i F. Engel’sa, vol. 1 (1924) →.
Teodor Shanin’s Late Marx and the Russian Road (1983) and Raya Dunayevskaya’s chapter on Marx’s last writings (1982) brought wider attention to Marx’s 1879–82 notebooks on non-European societies. See Kevin B. Anderson, The Late Marx’s Revolutionary Roads: Colonialism, Gender, and Indigenous Communism (Verso, 2025).
Marx to Zasulich, March 8, 1881.
See Kristin Ross, The Commune Form: The Transformation of Everyday Life (Verso, 2024).
Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, in Marx-Engels Collected Works, vol. 3 (International Publishers, 1975), 275–76.
Sylvia Wynter, “Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation—An Argument,” CR: The New Centennial Review 3, no. 3 (2003). See also Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, ed. Katherine McKittrick (Duke University Press, 2015), especially Wynter’s essay “On Being Human as Praxis.”
Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, 275–76.
Karl Marx, Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy, trans. Martin Nicolaus (Penguin, 1973), 489.
Karl Marx, Capital, vol. 1, trans. Ben Fowkes (Penguin, 1976), 638.
Justus von Liebig, Letters on Modern Agriculture (Walton and Maberly, 1859). See also his 1862 preface to the seventh edition of Organic Chemistry in its Application to Agriculture and Physiology.
Marx’s letters to Engels about Carl Fraas, March 25, 1868, available in Marx-Engels Collected Works, vol. 42 (International Publishers, 1987), 557.
John Bellamy Foster, “Marx’s Theory of Metabolic Rift: Classical Foundations for Environmental Sociology,” American Journal of Sociology 105, no. 2 (September 1999).
Jason W. Moore, Capitalism in the Web of Life: Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital (Verso, 2015), 2.
Moore, Capitalism in the Web of Life, 35–37.
Ariel Salleh, Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx and the Postmodern (Zed Books, 2017); Salleh, “From Metabolic Rift to ‘Metabolic Value’: Reflections on Environmental Sociology and the Alternative Globalization Movement,” Organization & Environment 23, no. 2 (2010).
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology, in Marx-Engels Collected Works, vol. 5 (International Publishers, 1976), 43.
Maria Mies, Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour (Zed Books, 1986), 74–111.
Leopoldina Fortunati, The Arcana of Reproduction: Housework, Prostitution, Labor and Capital, trans. Hilary Creek (Verso, 2025), 52.
Friedrich Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State: In the Light of the Researches of Lewis H. Morgan (1884; International Publishers, 1972).
Raya Dunayevskaya, Rosa Luxemburg, Women’s Liberation, and Marx’s Philosophy of Revolution (Humanities Press, 1982), 180.
Silvia Federici, Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation (Autonomedia, 2004).
Karl Marx, “Drafts of a Reply (to Vera Zasulich),” Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx and “The Peripheries of Capitalism,” ed. Teodor Shanin (Monthly Review, 1983), 107.
Cedric Robinson, An Anthropology of Marxism (Pluto Press, 2019).
Wynter, “Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom”; Wynter, “1492: A New World View,” in Race, Discourse, and the Origin of the Americas, ed. Vera Lawrence Hyatt and Rex Nettleford (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995); Wynter, “On Being Human as Praxis.”
Jason W. Moore, “Nature and Other Dangerous Words: Marx, Method and the Proletarian Standpoint in the Web of Life,” Dialectical Anthropology, no 49 (2025). See also James O’Connor, Natural Causes: Essays in Ecological Marxism (Guilford Press, 1998); and Murray Bookchin, The Ecology of Freedom (1982; AK Press, 2005).
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Death of a Discipline (Columbia University Press, 2003), 72–102.
Robin Wall Kimmerer, Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge and the Teachings of Plants (Milkweed Editions, 2013).
Kohei Saito, Marx in the Anthropocene: Towards the Idea of Degrowth Communism (Cambridge University Press, 2023), 232.
Antonia Majaca, “The Oikos of the Earth, the Nomos of the Black Hole,” e-flux journal, no. 143 (March 2024) →.
As Francisca Pancha Rodríguez explains, the movement arose from resistance to the five-hundredth anniversary of America’s “discovery,” creating “a greater identity with the land” where “the land united us once again.” Francisca Rodríguez and Andrea P. Sosa Varrotti, “Thirty Years of Sowing Hope to Globalise the Struggle: Women and Youth of La Via Campesina in the Construction of Food Sovereignty—a Conversation,” Journal of Peasant Studies 50, no. 2 (2023).
Sylvia Wynter, “Novel and History, Plot and Plantation,” Savacou, no. 5 (June 1971): 99–100.
Mariarosa Dalla Costa, “The Door to the Garden: Feminism and Operaismo,” paper presented at the Operaismo seminar, Rome, June 2002 →.
Dalla Costa, “The Door to the Garden.”
See Ross, The Commune Form.
Isabelle Fremeaux and Jay Jordan, We Are ‘Nature’ Defending Itself: Entangling Art, Activism and Autonomous Zones (Pluto Press, 2021), 80–81.
Silvia Federici, Re-enchanting the World: Feminism and the Politics of the Commons (PM Press, 2019), 194.
