Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, trans. Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi (University of Minnesota Press, 1984).
Lyotard expressed these tendencies more sensually in his 1985 Centre Pompidou exhibition “Les Immatériaux.”
Alain Minc and Simon Nora, L’informatisation de la société (La Documentation Française, 1978). Translated as The Computerization of Society (MIT Press, 1980).
See Bernard Stiegler, Technics and Time, vol. 1, The Fault of Epimetheus, trans. Richard Beardsworth and George Collins (Stanford University Press, 1998).
“Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang Would Not Have Studied Computer Science Today If He Were a Student Today (sic). He Urges Mastering the Real World for the Next AI Wave,” Economic Times, July 21, 2025 →.
Chris Anderson, “The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete,” Wired, June 23, 2008 →.
Immanuel Kant, The Conflict of the Faculties, trans. Mary J. Gregor, in Kant, Religion and Rational Theology, ed. Allen W. Wood and George di Giovanni (Cambridge University Press, 1996), 253.
For a detailed analysis of Kant’s relevance to AI, see Yuk Hui, Kant Machine: Critical Philosophy after AI (Bloomsbury, 2026).
See James Duesterberg, “Silicon Valley’s Favorite Doomsaying Philosopher,” New Yorker, February 18, 2026 →.
According to Simondon, anthropogenesis takes place through an organogenesis that is made possible by nature—i.e., pre-individual reality, which is cosmic.
Martha Nussbaum, Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach (Harvard University Press, 2011). The late Bernard Stiegler wanted to explore this project further.
See Yuk Hui, Recursivity and Contingency (Rowman and Littlefield, 2019), in which I outline a philosophical history of machines, from the mechanisms of the seventeenth century to the cybernetics of the twentieth century and beyond.
Towards the end of the Critique of Pure Reason Kant said that mathematics can be learned, but not philosophy (unless in a historical manner). One can only learn how to “philosophize.” Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Werner S. Pluhar (Hackett, 1996), A837, B865.
For more on Bergson’s theory of mysticism and mechanism, see chapter six in Yuk Hui, Machine and Sovereignty (University of Minnesota Press, 2024).
Henri Bergson, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, trans. R. Ashley Audra and Cloudesley Brereton, with W. Horsfall Carter (Greenwood Press, 1935), 267.
