Captives of the Cloud, Part III: All Tomorrow’s Clouds

August 16, 2013.

Carl von Clausewitz, On War, trans. J. J. Graham (London, 1873). See →.

Smári McCarthy, “Iceland: A Radical Periphery in Action. Smári McCarthy interviewed by Metahaven,” Volume 32 (2012): 98–101.

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Senator Ron Wyden: “We’re getting to a gap between what the public thinks the law says and what the American government secretly thinks the law says.” Quoted in Mike Masnick, “Senators Reveal That Feds Have Secretly Reinterpreted the PATRIOT Act,” Techdirt, May 26, 2011.

“All of your friends, that's one hop. Your friends' friends, whether you know them or not—two hops. Your friends’ friends’ friends, whoever they happen to be, are that third hop. That’s a massive group of people that the NSA apparently considers fair game.” Quoted in Philip Bump, “The NSA Admits It Analyzes More People's Data Than Previously Revealed,” The Atlantic, July 17, 2013. See →.

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A document that reveals this NSA plot was published by the Huffington Post. The document’s origin is “DIRNSA,” the agency’s director. See Glenn Greenwald, Ryan Gallagher, Ryan Grim, “Top-Secret Document Reveals NSA Spied On Porn Habits As Part of Plan To Discredit ‘Radicalizers,’” Huffington Post, November 26, 2013. See →.

Ruth Marcus, “James Clapper’s ‘least untruthful’ answer,” The Washington Post, June 13, 2013. See →.

Jason Howerton, “James Clapper Apologizes For Lying To Congress About NSA Surveillance: ‘Clearly Erroneous’,” The Blaze, July 2, 2013. See →.

Yochai Benkler, “Time to tame the NSA behemoth trampling our rights,” The Guardian, September 13, 2013. See →.

Jennifer Granick, “NSA SEXINT is the Abuse You’ve All Been Waiting For,” Just Security, November 29, 2013. See →.

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David Weigel, “New NSA Reform Bill Authorizes All the NSA Activity That Was Making You Angry,” Slate, November 1, 2013. See →.

Mark Hosenball, “Obama halted NSA spying on IMF and World Bank headquarters,” Reuters, October 31, 2013. See →.

Claire Cain Miller, “Google Bases a Campaign on Emotions, Not Terms,” The New York Times, January 1, 2012. See →.

See our discussion of network power in the book Uncorporate Identity.

Julian Assange, “The Banality of ‘Don’t Be Evil’,” The New York Times, June 1, 2013.

See “Evgeny Morozov on technology—The folly of solutionism,” The Economist.com, May 2, 2013.

Milton L. Mueller, Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance (Boston, MA: MIT Press, 2010), 268.

Bruce Schneier, “The US government has betrayed the internet. We need to take it back,” The Guardian, September 5, 2013. See →.

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Carne Ross, "Citizens of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your data," The Guardian, October 31, 2013. See →.

The US Congress withdrew the bills proposing SOPA and PIPA in February 2012 after widspread protests. Around the same time, the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) was successfully defeated by citizens in the European Union.

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Michael Boldin/NullifyNSA, email to authors, December 4, 2013.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

For NullifyNSA, see →.

Elizabeth Dwoskin and Frances Robinson, ‟NSA Internet Spying Sparks Race to Create Offshore Havens for Data Privacy,” The Wall Street Journal, September 27, 2013. See →.

Caroline Copley, “Swisscom builds ‘Swiss Cloud’ as spying storm rages,” Reuters, November 3, 2013.

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Jonathan A. Obar, “Phantom Data Sovereigns: Walter Lippmann, Big Data and the Fallacy of Personal Data Sovereignty” (March 25, 2013). See →.

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See the extensive study by Anselm Franke, Eyal Weizman, and Ines Geisler, “Islands: The Geography of Extraterritoriality” Archis 6 (Amsterdam: Artimo, 2003): 19–21, →.

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“The Constitutional Council hands over the bill for a new constitution.” Stjornlagarad, July 29, 2011. See →.

“Iceland’s media law: ‘The Switzerland of bits,’” The Economist, June 17, 2010. See →.

‟Birgitta Jónsdóttir—Samara/Massey Journalism Lecture.” Uploaded on July 21, 2011.

“Iceland: A Radical Periphery in Action. Smári McCarthy interviewed by Metahaven,” Volume 32 (2012): 98–101.

James Grimmelmann, email to authors, July 17, 2012.

Eleanor Saitta, email to authors, November 4, 2012. See →.

Ibid.

Ibid.

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Electronic Countermeasures GLOW Festival video, Liam Young. See →.

“The Pirate Bay Ships New Servers to Mountain Complex,” Torrent Freak, May 16, 2011. See →.

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Franke, Weizman, Geisler, ibid.

Pierre Englebert and Denis M. Tull, “Postconflict Reconstruction in Africa. Flawed Ideas about Failed States,” International Security, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Spring 2008): 106.

James Grimmelmann, email to authors, July 17, 2012.

Ozong Agborsangaya-Fiteu, “Another failed state? Cameroon's descent,” International Herald Tribune, April 10, 2008. See →.

Andy Greenberg, “Cameroon's Cybercrime Boom,” Forbes.com, December 2, 2009. See →.

James Grimmelmann, email to authors, July 20, 2012.