Tom Lutz, Crying: A Natural and Cultural History of Tears (New York: W.W. Norton, 1999), 160.
Abelard and Heloise, The Letters and Other Writings, trans. William Levitan (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2007), 71.
Donald Winnicott, “Why Do Babies Cry?” chap. 9 in The Child, The Family, and the Outside World (Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 1964/1987), 58–68.
Aristotle, Politics, in Complete Works, vol. 2, ed. Jonathan Barnes, trans. Benjamin Jowett (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), book 7, chap. 17, 1336a.
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, ed. Georg Henrik von Wright, trans. Peter Winch (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998), 4.
Hanna Segal, Introduction to the Work of Melanie Klein (London: Karnac, 1973), 13.
Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008), 190.
Immanuel Kant, Anthropology From a Pragmatic Point of View, in Anthropology, History, and Education, eds. Günther Zöller and Robert B. Louden, trans. Robert B. Louden (Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2007), 369, original emphasis.
Ibid., 369–370fn, original emphasis.
Ibid., 423fn.
David Brooks, “When the World Is Led by a Child,” New York Times, May 17, 2017. A pair of psychologists responded by arguing that the comparison is unfair and insulting to children; don’t read Trump’s viciousness into the behavior of normal kids. As satisfying as this riposte is, the comparison can prove revealing when one refers to the darker or more demonic figure of the baby found in Kant, Wittgenstein, and psychoanalysis, as opposed to today’s developmental psychology.
Tzvetan Todorov, Life in Common: An Essay in General Anthropology, trans. Katherine Golsan and Lucy Golsan (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2001), 5–6.
Kant, Anthropology From a Pragmatic Point of View, 369.
Norman O. Brown, Life Against Death: The Psychoanalytical Meaning of History (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1958), 285.
Glenn Paskin and Donald Trump, “Interview with Donald Trump,” Playboy, March 1990.