Uitvalgrond is the word used to describe the original piece of triangular ground at the center of eight farms claimed for mining diggings, in 1886 Johannesburg. Uitvalground translates to “surplus ground” in Afrikaans, given by the South African Republic) as a word to describe land left over between farm portions whose perimeters were defined by the distance a Boer farmer could ride in the day from his or her farmstead. Eyal Weizman, Hollow Land: Israel’s Architecture of Occupation (London and New York: Verso, 2007), 184.
“Inventive Zama Zamas not interested much in doing it legally,” Business Day Live, May 15, 2015, ➝.
Dean Hutton, “ZAMAZAMA4LIFE,” 2point8, ➝.
“Inventive Zama Zamas.”
Ilan Godfrey, “Legacy of the Mine,” Osisa, ➝.
Godfrey, “Legacy of the Mine.”
Ryan Lenora Brown, "Built on gold riches, Johannesburg succumbs to sci-fi sinkholes," Christian Science Monitor, September 9, 2014, ➝.
“‘Satanic’ sinkholes plague Johannesburg: MEC,” Times Live, October 5, 2011, ➝.
“Pollution Reaches Cradle of Mankind,” Rainharvest, January 15, 2011, ➝.
Peter Kankonde Bukasa, Lorena Nunez Carraso, Bettina Malcomess, and Matthew Wilhelm-Solomon, Routes and Rites to the City: Mobility, Diversity and Religious Space in Johannesburg (Johannesburg: African Centre for Migration and Society, 2015).
